We investigated the effects of the juçara fruit (Euterpe edulis Martius) pulp and lyophilized extract on the expression of cytoprotective genes nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (NRF2), kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), superoxide dismutase (SOD1), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX2) in human colorectal cancer cell lines (HT-29 and Caco-2). Cells were cultured for 24 h in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium containing juçara fruit pulp (5, 10, or 50 mg/mL) or lyophilized extract (0.05, 0.1, or 0.5 mg/mL), and gene expression was quantified using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. All studied genes showed significant variation in gene expression among different concentrations of pulp or lyophilized extract. Overall, the expression of the selected genes decreased in both cell lines following exposure to the pulp or lyophilized extract in a dose-dependent manner for most of the concentrations studied. In summary, our study showed that the compounds in juçara fruit inhibited the expression of cytoprotective genes associated with the antioxidant response and that, although not cytotoxic at the concentrations studied, they could potentially block the activation of the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway.

RESUMO O tronco braquiocefálico e a artéria subclávia esquerda emergem do arco aórtico e são responsáveis por fazerem o suprimento sanguíneo para cabeça, pescoço e membros torácicos. Variações anatômicas, como a ectopia da artéria subclávia direita, são alterações congênitas raramente encontradas em cães, cujas alterações do sistema digestivo acontecem em pacientes recém-desmamados e não em adultos. Assim, o objetivo deste relato é descrever um caso de ectopia da artéria subclávia direita em uma cadela, Dálmata, de nove anos de idade. No entanto, essa anomalia foi um achado do qual o paciente foi assintomático durante os nove anos de vida e somente com essa idade apresentou sinais como sialorreia, vômito, hiporexia e deglutição ruidosa. O hemograma e os perfis bioquímicos, associados à radiografia torácica, levaram a um diagnóstico de megaesôfago e pneumonia aspirativa. Mesmo seguindo o tratamento recomendado, houve piora clínica do quadro e o animal foi submetido à eutanásia. À macroscopia, a artéria subclávia direita originava-se direto do arco aórtico, fazia um percurso da esquerda para a direita dorsalmente ao esôfago e, então, formava uma impressão do trajeto vascular sobre a parede muscular do esôfago. O esôfago, por sua vez, apresentava parede flácida e dilatação na porção caudal ao trajeto vascular feito pela posição ectópica da artéria subclávia direita.

ABSTRACT The brachiocephalic trunk and the left subclavian artery originate from the aortic arch, and both supply blood to the head, neck, and thoracic limbs. Anatomical variations, such as an aberrant right subclavian artery, are congenital conditions rarely observed in dogs, Thus, the objective of the present report was to describe a case of aberrant right subclavian artery in a 9-year-old Dalmatian. However, this anomaly was a finding in which the patient was asymptomatic during its 9 years of life and only at this age did he exhibit signs including sialorrhea, vomiting, hyporexia, and noisy deglutition. Blood count, biochemical profile, and thoracic radiography led to a diagnosis of megaesophagus and aspiration pneumonia. Despite the recommended treatment, the patient did not respond well; as such, the owner elected to euthanize the animal. On necropsy, the right subclavian artery originated directly from the aortic arch, followed a route from left to right dorsally to the esophagus, and then formed an impression of the vascular path over the muscular wall of the esophagus. The esophagus, in turn, exhibited a flaccid wall and dilation in the caudal portion to the vascular path made by the ectopic position of the right subclavian artery.

RESUMO Melanoblastos podem migrar de forma errática durante a embriogênese, gerando um quadro conhecido como melanose. São raros os estudos envolvendo melanose com acometimento múltiplo dos órgãos. Objetivou-se descrever um caso de melanose multicêntrica em frango de corte que gerou condenação do animal ao abate. Foram encaminhadas ao Laboratório de Patologia Animal da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo para avaliação histopatológica amostras de diversos órgãos de uma ave de corte da linhagem Cobb de 48-49 dias de idade. Esse animal foi condenado na linha de inspeção por apresentar áreas multifocais enegrecidas. Ao exame microscópico, observou-se melanina multifocal variando de moderada a intensa quantidade em todos os órgãos acometidos com lesões enegrecidas na macroscopia. As áreas pigmentadas foram negativas para a coloração especial de azul da Prússia e não foram encontradas células neoplásicas. A pigmentação da pele em aves comercializadas no Ocidente é rara, pois a característica de pele clara foi selecionada por meio de melhoramento genético, mas pouco se sabe sobre quais mutações desencadeiam melanose nas linhagens selecionadas para não apresentar pigmentação. A ave apresentou melanose multicêntrica e tal alteração não compromete a função dos órgãos acometidos nem representa risco para a saúde humana, no entanto, devido ao aspecto macroscópico, os órgãos que apresentam tal lesão foram condenados para consumo humano.

ABSTRACT Melanoblasts can enter an erratic migratory pathway during embryogenesis and it creates a clinical condition known as melanosis. Studies involving melanosis in multiple organs are rare. The aim of this paper is to describe a case of multicentric melanosis in a broiler resulting in animal condemnation at slaughter. Samples from diverse organs originating from a Cobb broiler, 48-49 days of age, were sent to Laboratório de Patologia Animal from Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo for histopathological avaliation. This animal was condemned in line inspection due to multifocal black areas of pigmentation. At microcopic avaliation, multifocal melanin in moderate-intense amount in all the organs stricken with macroscopic black lesions was noted. Sections of pigmented areas were negative for Prussian Blue and no neoplasic cells were found. Pigmentation of the skin in a broiler from the Ocident is rare because the white/yellow skin was selected through genetic enhancement, but there is some data about which mutations unleash melanosis in lineages selected to not have pigmentation. The broiler had multicentric melanosis and this alteration doesn't change functional activity of the stricken organs and doesn't represent any risk for human health, but the organs with this lesion were condemned for human consumption due to their macroscopic appearance.

Relata-se um caso de defeitos congênitos múltiplos em um potro recém-nascido. O animal apresentou hipoplasia dos ossos do membro pélvico esquerdo, útero unicorno, hérnia diafragmática congênita e agenesia renal e ureteral unilateral. Este relato inclui as lesões macroscópicas e microscópicas observadas no caso.

A case of multiple congenital defects in a newborn foal is reported. The animal showed hypoplasia of the left pelvic limb bones, uterus unicornis, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and unilateral renal and ureteral agenesis. This report includes the macroscopic and microscopic lesions observed in the case.

O presente relato descreve os achados clínicos e patológicos de uma heterotopia de pelos difusa associada com hiperplasia endometrial pseudo-placentacional em um útero de uma cadela. Macroscopicamente, o útero estava intensamente aumentado de volume e espesso, a superfície do endométrio estava irregular e recoberta com pelos pretos semelhantes aos pelos da cadela. Histologicamente, heterotopia de pelos associada com hiperplasia endometrial pseudoplacentacional foi observada.

The present report describes the clinical and pathological findings related to diffuse heterotopic hairs associated with pseudo-placentational endometrial hyperplasia in a canine uterus. Macroscopically, the uterus was intensely enlarged and thicker, and the endometrial surface was irregular and covered with black hairs similar to the hairs of the bitch. Histologically, heterotopic hairs associated with pseudo-placentational endometrial hyperplasia were observed.

This case describes a rare case of ovarian leiomyoma associated with granulosa cell tumor and polycystic ovary and in a fifteen-year-old mongrel female dog.

The cells of the myelo id, lymphoid , and erythroid lineage s of the bone marrow were quantified in rats with hypo and hyperthyroidism. Fifteen Wistar rats were divided into three groups: hypothyroid (n=5), hyperthyroid (n=5) , and control (n=5). Three months after the onset of the treatment s, euthanasia was performed . Bone marrow was aspirated from femurs of each animal to perform smear s that were stained with Quick Panoptic. T he percentage s of rubroblast, prorubrocyte, metarubrocyte, myeloblast, promyelocytes, metamyelocytes, myel ocytes, segmented, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells and monocytes in were determined a total of 500 cells. The bone marrow of animals with hypothyroidism had hypoplasia. The myeloid:erythroid ratio was higher in animals with thyroid dysfun ction. In hypo and hyperthyroidism, there was a significant reduction of the percentage of rubrocyte, metarubrocyte , and lymphocytes and increase of myelocytes and segmented cells. In hypothyroidism, there was a significant increase in the percentage of me tamyelocytes. It is c oncluded that both hypo and hyperfunction of thyroid increase the myeloid:erythroid ratio by increasing the number of cells of the myeloid lineage and reducing the cells of the erythroid lineage.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o índice mitótico, o diâmetro nuclear, o número de regiões organizadoras de nucléolos e a expressão do Ki-67 em 82 tumores de folículo piloso de cães, entre 2000 e 2006. Os tumores foram classificados como tricoblastoma (n=32), tricoepitelioma benigno (n=30), tricoepitelioma maligno (n=6), pilomatricoma (n=7), acantoma infundibular ceratinizante (n=5) e tricolemoma (n=2). A cabeça, o dorso e os membros foram os locais mais frequentemente acometidos. O tricoepitelioma maligno apresentou índice mitótico, número de regiões organizadoras de nucléolos e expressão do Ki-67 significativamente maiores quando comparado aos outros tipos de tumores. Dentre as neoplasias benignas, o tricoblastoma apresentou índice mitótico e número de regiões organizadoras de nucléolos significativamente maiores. A expressão do Ki-67 não diferiu entre os tumores benignos de folículo piloso. A recorrência foi observada apenas em dois casos, incluindo um tricoepitelioma benigno e um tricoepitelioma maligno. Em dois casos, os nódulos não foram removidos com margem cirúrgica completa. Desta forma, conclui-se que nas neoplasias benignas de folículo piloso, o número das regiões organizadoras de nucléolo e da expressão de Ki-67 foram significativamente menores que em neoplasias malignas. Além disto, sugere-se que a margem cirúrgica completa está mais associada à recorrência dos tumores que as regiões organizadoras de nucléolo, a expressão de Ki-67 e o índice mitótico.

Mitotic index, nuclear diameter, number of nucleolar organizing regions, and Ki-67 expression, in hair follicle tumors of 82 dogs were evaluated. Tissue specimens were used to prepare sections for histological staining for number of nucleolar organizing region and immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67. Tumors were classified as trichoblastoma (n=32), benign trichoepithelioma (n=30), pilomatricoma (n=7), malignant trichoepithelioma (n=6), infundibular keratinizing acanthoma (n=5), and tricholemmoma (n=2). Head, dorsum, and limbs were the most affected sites. Malignant trichoepithelioma presented significantly higher mitotic index, number of nucleolar organizing regions and Ki-67 expression. Regarding benign neoplasms, trichoblastoma presented significantly higher mitotic index and number of nucleolar organizing regions. Ki-67 expression did not differ among hair follicle benign neoplasms. Recurrence was only observed in two cases, with one benign trichoepithelioma and one malignant trichoepithelioma. In the two cases, nodules have not been removed with clean surgical margin. It was concluded that in benign neoplasms of hair follicles, the number of nucleolar organizing regions and Ki-67 expression were significantly smaller than in malignant neoplasm. Clean surgical margins are suggested to be more responsible to tumor recurrences than the number of nucleolar organizing regions, expression of Ki-67, and the mitotic index.